Indian Contract Act, 1872: Complete Topic-Wise Question Bank for Judicial Service Mains Examinations. (Part-II)

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Indian Contract Act, 1872: Complete Topic-Wise Question Bank for Judicial Service Mains Examinations. (Part-II)

Mastery of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 is an indispensable cornerstone for cracking Judicial Service (Civil Judge and Higher Judicial Service) Mains Examinations across India. Whether dealing with pure conceptual queries on privity, free consent, and lawful consideration, or tackling intricate factual scenarios involving anticipatory breach and liquidated damages, Contract Law demands both statutory precision and sharp analytical reasoning.

In competitive written examinations, success hinges on two distinct skills:

·       Doctrinal Articulation: Formulating clear, jurisprudentially sound answers for direct theoretical questions and statutory doctrines.

·       Practical Application: Dissecting problem-based questions by identifying key legal issues, applying the appropriate statutory provisions, citing landmark precedents, and delivering a definitive verdict.

To streamline your preparation, this comprehensive compilation brings together past Mains examination questions organized systematically into 18 distinct subject chapters. Every direct theoretical inquiry, short note, comparative question, and practical problem scenario has been indexed with its respective judicial service reference.

Use this topic-wise repository as a daily answer-writing guide, a diagnostic self-assessment tool, and an analytical roadmap to track high-yield examination patterns across state jurisdictions. 


  1. Explain what are misrepresentation and undue influence? State the effect of any act done under such circumstances.

 

— Assam Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2011

 

 

  1. ‘Mere silence is not fraud’. Point out the exceptions to this rule.

 

— West Bengal Judicial Service (Written) Examination, 2016

 

 

  1. Write short note on fraud.

 

— Assam Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2011

 

 

  1. Write short note on contract made under a mistake of fact.

 

— Assam Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2015

 

 

  1. Write short note on contract made under a mistake of fact.

 

— Assam Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2013

 

 

  1. ‘The law of mistake is a Comedy of errors’. Comment.

 

— West Bengal Judicial Service (Written) Examination, 2016

 

 

  1. Define the term undue influence as defined under the Indian Contract Act.

 

— Rajasthan Civil Service (Mains) Examination, 2010

 

 

  1. ‘Consent is said to be free when it is not caused by coercion or undue influence or fraud or misrepresentation or mistake’. Discuss with reference to provisions of section 14 to 22 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872.

 

— Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains Examination, 2015

 

 

  1. Write short note on undue influence.

 

— Bihar Judicial Service (Mains) Examination, 2000

 

 

 



7. Lawful Object and Lawful Consideration

 



  1. What is lawful consideration? When would the consideration or object of an agreement be unlawful?

 

— M.P. Judicial Service (Civil Judge) Main Examination, 2015

 

 

  1. Explain the unlawful consideration and objects which have been given under Indian Contract Act, 1872.

 

— Uttarakhand Civil Judge (J.D.) Mains Examination, 2014

 

 

  1. What objects are unlawful under the Indian Contract Act, 1872?

 

— Rajasthan Judicial Service Mains Examination, 2013

 

 

  1. Every agreement, the object of which is unlawful, is void. Discuss.

 

— Manipur Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2015

 

 

 



8. Void Agreements: Agreements Without Consideration (Nudum Pactum)

 



  1. “An agreement without consideration is void.” What are the exceptions to this rule? Discuss.

 

— Uttar Pradesh Civil Judge (J.D.) Mains Examination, 2016

 

 

  1. “An agreement without consideration is void.” Explain the rule and point out its exceptions.

 

— Jharkhand PCS J Mains Examination, 2014

 

 

  1. An agreement without consideration is void. Comment.

 

— Manipur Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2015

 

 

  1. “An agreement without consideration is void.” Explain this rule with exceptions.

 

— Uttarakhand Civil Judge (J.D.) Mains Examination, 2015

 

 

  1. What are the exceptions to the general proposition that agreement without consideration is void? Can a minor enter into an agreement without consideration?

 

— Assam Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2013

 

 

  1. ‘Subject to certain exceptions an agreement without consideration is nudum pactum and is also void.’ Discuss.

 

— Uttar Pradesh Civil Judge (J.D.) Mains Examination, 2006

 

 

  1. “An agreement without consideration is void.” Explain this rule with exceptions.

 

— Bihar Judicial Service (Mains) Examination, 2000

 

 

  1. ‘A’ out of natural love and affection promises to pay his son Rs 10,000. He puts promise in writing and registers it. How far is the contract valid? (Problematic Question)

 

— Jharkhand PCS J Mains Examination, 2014

 

 

 



9. Void Agreements: Restraint of Trade, Legal Proceedings & Uncertain Agreements

 



  1. State and explain the law relating to agreement in restraint of trade or profession in the light of leading cases.

 

— West Bengal Judicial Service (Written) Examination, 2017

 

 

  1. “Agreement of restraint of trade is void”. Examine this statement stating exceptions.

 

— Tripura Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2014

 

 

  1. “Agreement of restraint of trade is void”. Discuss.

 

— Tripura Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2015

 

 

  1. Write short note on agreements in restraint of trade.

 

— Rajasthan District Judge Written Examination, 2012

 

 

  1. To what extent an agreement in restraint of initiating legal proceedings to enforce a right under or in respect of a contract by a party thereto valid?

 

— Kerala Judicial Service (Main) Examination, 2016

 

 

  1. Can there be an agreement in restraint of legal proceedings and marriage? What are the effect of such agreement and alternative promise?

 

— Assam Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2011

 

 

  1. Explain that the agreements, the meaning of which is not certain or capable of being made certain, are void.

 

— Tripura Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2010

 

 

 



10. Wagering Agreements & Contingent Contracts

 



  1. ‘Wagering agreements are contingent in nature but contingent contracts are not wagering agreements’. Explain.

 

— Tripura Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2014

 

 

  1. What do you mean by a wagering agreement? Distinguish between wagering agreement and contingent contract.

 

— Uttarakhand Civil Judge (J.D.) Mains Examination, 2015

 

 

  1. What is wagering contract? Is it valid?

 

— Tripura Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2010

 

 

  1. Write note on contingent contracts.

 

— Goa Judicial Service (Junior Division) Examination, 2010

 

 

  1. Explain the difference between contingent contract and quasi contract.

 

— Rajasthan District Judge Written Examination, 2015

 

 

  1. Write a short note on “Contingent Contract”.

 

— Manipur Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2014-15

 

 

 



11. Performance of Contracts, Joint Promisors, Time & Appropriation of Payments

 



  1. State the essential conditions for a valid offer of performance.

 

— West Bengal Judicial Service (Written) Examination, 2015

 

 

  1. What are the obligations of the parties to a contract and what is the effect of refusal to accept the offer of performance?

 

— Assam Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2011

 

 

  1. Write an essay on persons who should perform contracts.

 

— Kerala Judicial Service (Main) Examination, 2013

 

 

  1. ‘Time is the essence of the contract’. Discuss. What would be the effect of breach of covenant as to time?

 

— M.P. Judicial Service (Civil Judge) Main Examination, 2015

 

 

  1. ‘Time is the essence of the contract’. Explain.

 

— Kerala Judicial Service NCA (Main) Examination, 2011

 

 

  1. How time and place for performance of contract is determined?

 

— Tripura Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2015

 

 

  1. Explain the common law maxim ‘Actio personalis moritur cum persona’.

 

— Tripura Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2010

 

 

  1. What are the rules governing appropriation of payments?

 

— Kerala Judicial Service NCA (Main) Examination, 2011

 

 

  1. What is the law relating to performance of contract by joint promisors under the Indian Contract Act, 1872?

 

— Rajasthan Civil Judge Mains Examination, 2013

 

 

 



12. Anticipatory Breach & Contracts Which Need Not Be Performed

 



  1. What do you understand by anticipatory breach of contract?

 

— Uttar Pradesh Civil Judge (J.D.) Mains Examination, 2016

 

 

  1. Discuss the law relating to “anticipatory breach of contract”.

 

— Tripura Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2015

 

 

  1. Explain with illustrations ‘anticipatory breach of contract’. What is the measure of damages in cases of such breach?

 

— Uttar Pradesh Civil Judge (J.D.) Mains Examination, 2003

 

 

  1. Write short note on anticipatory breach of contract.

 

— Bihar Judicial Service (Mains) Examination, 2000

 

 

  1. Discuss the circumstances in which a contract need not be performed.

 

— Tripura Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2014

 

 

  1. What are the contracts that need not be performed?

 

— Assam Judicial Service (Grade-III) Written Examination, 2013

 

 

  1. What are the circumstances in which a party need not perform a contract?

 

— Kerala Judicial Service NCA (Main) Examination, 2011

 

 Excelling in Judicial Service Mains is rarely a test of passive reading; it is a discipline of active, structured drafting. As you work through these questions, approach every problem scenario with a methodical framework-identifying the Issue, stating the applicable Rule (relevant sections and provisos of the Indian Contract Act, 1872), weaving in authoritative Case Precedents (such as Hadley v. Baxendale, Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose, or Fateh Chand v. Balkishan Das), and delivering a crisp Analysis and Conclusion.

Consistent practice with real past examination questions builds the speed, doctrinal clarity, and legal craftsmanship required to stand out in front of the examiner.

Bookmark this question index for your revision schedule, practice drafting structured answers under timed conditions, and share this repository with fellow judicial aspirants preparing for the upcoming Mains examinations.

 Indian Contract Act, 1872: Complete Topic-Wise Question Bank for Judicial Service Mains Examinations. (Part-I)

Indian Contract Act, 1872: Complete Topic-Wise Question Bank for Judicial Service Mains Examinations. (Part-III)

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