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Mastering Order VII, Rule 11 of the CPC in BJS Written Exams

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Mastering Order VII, Rule 11 of the CPC in BJS Written Exams Introduction In the intricate labyrinth of civil procedure, few provisions are as operationally potent-or as frequently misunderstood by judicial aspirants-as Order VII, Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. As a sitting Senior Judicial Magistrate, I regularly encounter this critical rule during the nascent stages of litigation, where it serves as a robust mechanism for judicial efficiency. It is the gatekeeper of the court's precious time, designed to eliminate vexatious, frivolous, and legally doomed lawsuits before they consume substantive resources and stall the broader pursuit of justice. For candidates preparing for the Bangladesh Judicial Service (BJS) written examinations and local trial practitioners, profound mastery over Order VII, Rule 11 (O7R11) is not optional; it is a compulsory skillset for professional competence and exam success. For BJS aspirants specifically, this provision is a staple. Y...
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Navigating Institutional Arbitration and Landmark Case Briefs Under the 2026 Rules

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Navigating Institutional Arbitration and Landmark Case Briefs Under the 2026 Rules Introduction: The Institutional Evolution of Cross-Border Dispute Resolution Institutional arbitration forms the bedrock of international commercial jurisprudence, providing the administrative infrastructure, procedural predictability, and global neutrality required to resolve multi-million-dollar cross-border disputes. As global commerce has grown increasingly complex, tech-driven, and volatile, arbitral institutions have been forced to continually modernize their procedural frameworks to combat rising costs, protracted delays, and dilatory tactics by recalcitrant parties. The entry into force of the landmark 2026 ICC Arbitration Rules , alongside contemporaneous updates across leading institutions such as the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) and the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), marks a profound generational shift in international dispute management. Innovatio...
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Third-Party Funding in International Arbitration: Global Trends, Disclosure Obligations, and Judicial Attitudes-by Judge Nazmul Hasan

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Third-Party Funding in International Arbitration: Global Trends, Disclosure Obligations, and Judicial Attitudes Introduction: The Financialization of Global Dispute Resolution Over the past two decades, international commercial arbitration (ICA) has undergone a profound structural evolution. Once viewed exclusively as a bilateral dispute resolution mechanism between capital-rich corporations, modern arbitration has embraced the phenomenon of Third-Party Funding (TPF) , transforming cross-border litigation and arbitration into a dynamic, multi-billion-dollar global asset class. Under a typical TPF arrangement, an unassociated commercial funder-such as a specialized private equity fund or institutional investor-agrees to finance all or part of a claimant's legal fees and arbitration costs in exchange for a contingent share of any eventual monetary recovery or award. For cash-strapped claimants, SMEs, and developing-state entities, TPF serves as an essential equalizer, democrati...
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