Judge Nazmul Hasan

Enforcing Foreign Arbitral Awards Under the New York Convention: A Practical Guide Introduction: The Architecture of Global Enforcement The 1958 United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards-universally celebrated as the New York Convention -stands as the single most successful treaty in the history of international commercial law. With more than 170 contracting states presently bound by its provisions, the Convention establishes a harmonized, predictable legal framework designed to ensure that commercial arbitral awards rendered in one jurisdiction can be recognized and enforced across international borders with minimal judicial interference. In an era defined by hyper-globalized commerce, cross-border corporate joint ventures, and complex supply chain networks, the Convention provides the foundational legal certainty that sustains international trade and foreign direct investment. However, obtaining a favorable final arbitral award from...

Indian Contract Act, 1872: Complete Topic-Wise Question Bank for Judicial Service Mains Examinations. (Part-III) Mastery of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 is an indispensable cornerstone for cracking Judicial Service (Civil Judge and Higher Judicial Service) Mains Examinations across India. Whether dealing with pure conceptual queries on privity, free consent, and lawful consideration, or tackling intricate factual scenarios involving anticipatory breach and liquidated damages, Contract Law demands both statutory precision and sharp analytical reasoning. In competitive written examinations, success hinges on two distinct skills: ·        Doctrinal Articulation: Formulating clear, jurisprudentially sound answers for direct theoretical questions and statutory doctrines. ·        Practical Application: Dissecting problem-based questions by identifying key legal issues, applying the appropriate statutory provisions, citin...